Cardiomiopatia da Chagas

Chagas cardiomyopathy, caused by chronic infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, is a leading cause of non-ischaemic heart failure in Latin America and is increasingly recognised worldwide due to migration. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving persistent parasitism, immune-mediated myocardial injury, microvascular dysfunction and progressive fibrosis, leading to a heterogeneous clinical spectrum. Four main phenotypes are recognised, including subclinical, arrhythmic, heart failure and thromboembolic, which often overlap and evolve throughout the disease course.Diagnosis relies on serological confirmation of T. cruzi infection, with electrocardiography and echocardiography forming the corn