Microbiota intestinale e i suoi metaboliti nelle malattie tiroidee: funzioni e meccanismi.

The gut microbiota, a complex and dynamic ecosystem of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a critical regulator of human physiology, extending its influence far beyond digestion. Recent advances have illuminated the existence of a bidirectional communication network known as the "gut-thyroid axis" which posits that the intestinal microbial community and its vast repertoire of bioactive metabolites are fundamental modulators of thyroid health and disease pathogenesis. This comprehensive academic review synthesizes current evidence to elucidate the multifaceted functions and mechanisms through which gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as short-chain fatty