Confronto delle tecniche LISA e INSURE per l'amministrazione di surfattanti: uno studio retrospettivo multicentrico.

UNLABELLED: NIV and early targeted endotracheal surfactant administration play a pivotal role in the treatment of RDS and other respiratory conditions in neonates. LISA and INSURE are the most widely used techniques for surfactant delivery. This multicentre retrospective registry-based cohort study, conducted in three Southern Italy Neonatal Intensive Care Units between January 2024 and March 2025, aimed to compare their effectiveness. Neonates who received NIV soon after birth and rescue surfactant via either INSURE or LISA were included. Treatment failure was defined as the need for a second dose of surfactant or the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation within 72 h of life. The s