Ruoli del lattato e della lattilazione nella soppressione immunitaria del tumore e nella resistenza ai farmaci.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, with excessive lactate accumulation driven by aerobic glycolysis profoundly reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). Beyond being a metabolic by-product, lactate acts as a signaling metabolite and epigenetic regulator that promotes immune suppression and therapeutic resistance. Lactate-induced acidification impairs immune cell function and reprograms macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells toward immunosuppressive phenotypes. Moreover, lactate drives lysine lactylation of histone and non-histone proteins, linking metabolic status to transcriptional regulation and oncogenic signaling. Emerging evidence indicates that lactate and lactylatio