Stadio della sindrome cardiocerebrovascolare-rinale-metabolica (CKM) e rilevanza per la nutrizione personalizzata.

Background/Objectives: It is estimated that one in three adults in the US has one or more risk factors for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. The American Heart Association (AHA) has warned that the interaction between obesity, Type 2 diabetes (T2D), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) leads to a multistage CKM syndrome with elevated mortality. This narrative review describes the newly coined terms CKM health and CKM syndrome, introduced by the AHA Presidential Advisory in 2023. Methods: In this narrative review, we will discuss the epidemiology and development of CKM syndrome, CKM stages, and the possible impact of precision nutrition on CKM and evalu