Anatomia del seno coronario e dei vasi cardiaci per la terapia di risonanza cardiaca: una visione del clinico.

The coronary sinus and its tributaries constitute the anatomical foundation for successful cardiac resynchronization therapy. Despite the emergence of conduction system pacing as a physiological alternative, conventional transvenous CRT retains its important role-not all clinical scenarios can be addressed by left bundle branch area or His bundle pacing alone. Understanding coronary venous anatomy therefore remains essential for every implanting physician. This review provides a clinically oriented analysis of coronary venous anatomy as it pertains to left ventricular lead implantation. We examine the embryological origins of the coronary sinus, explaining why variants such as persistent lef