Differenze di sesso nel sindrome cardiovascolare-renale-metabolico e nuovi esiti cardiovascolari.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome integrates metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular dysfunction, and is closely linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We aimed to evaluate sex-specific differences in prevalence, components, and outcomes of CKM syndrome to inform strategies for personalized cardiovascular prevention. METHOD: We included 6563 participants without established CVD from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). CKM stages were defined according to American Heart Association criteria. We assessed sex-specific prevalence, component distributions, and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (H