La medicina tradizionale cinese annulla la resistenza ai checkpoint immunitari attraverso la riorganizzazione metabolica del lattato nel carcinoma epatocellulare: meccanismi e implicazioni terapeutiche.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The compounds reviewed here originate from plants with long-standing use in East Asian traditional medicine. Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. (Yin Yang Huo), Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qin), Coptis chinensis Franch. (Huang Lian), and Curcuma longa L. (Jiang Huang) are documented in the Chinese pharmacopoeia for indications including liver insufficiency, heat-clearing, and abdominal masses-a traditional category encompassing hepatic tumours. AIM OF THE STUDY: To examine how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) bioactive compounds and classical formulations reprogram tumour lactate metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and overcome immune checkpoint