Perspective attuali nel shock cardiogeno.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a leading cause of death in intensive cardiac care. Outcomes are limited by delayed recognition of hypoperfusion, heterogeneous phenotypes, and late escalation of therapies. Diagnosis and risk stratification have progressed with the introduction of the SCAI staging system, which provides a common language for clinical severity and guides escalation of care. Echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics remain central for defining ventricular phenotype, detecting mechanical complications, and tailoring therapy. Early activation of multidisciplinary shock teams is increasingly adopted to coordinate rapid assessment and structured management. Treatment focuses on res